Many people think that there is only one president who has a PhD degree, but that is not true. There are four other presidents with a PhD, including Woodrow Wilson, Andrew Johnson, Franklin Pierce and Harry S. Truman.
Woodrow Wilson
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Wilson was one of the most eminent presidents of the United States. He inherited the presidency from Franklin Roosevelt and he is credited with many major achievements during his time in office.
One of the biggest accomplishments of Wilson’s presidency was the passing of the Federal Reserve Act. This act allowed for a more flexible money supply. In addition, the law also made it illegal to use unfair business practices.
Before becoming President, Wilson was a professor at the College of New Jersey and Bryn Mawr College. Eventually, he became the President of Princeton University.
Woodrow Wilson grew up in the southern United States and studied at the College of New Jersey. His father was a Presbyterian minister. After the Civil War, he attended the University of Virginia and the Johns Hopkins University.
During the Civil War, Wilson’s parents supported the Confederacy. He moved to Columbia, South Carolina when he was fourteen.
Wilson earned a doctorate degree in political science from the Johns Hopkins University. In 1885, he wrote his dissertation titled Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics. The work was praised by his peers.
In 1914, Wilson became the first Southerner to win the Presidency since before the Civil War. Despite his opposition from two previous presidents, he was elected.
During his time as president, he devoted most of his energies to the League of Nations. However, he failed to convince Congress to join the League.
Herbert Hoover
Hoover was an American politician and former President of the United States. He served from 1929 to 1933. His term came during the Great Depression, but he continued to advocate the economic recovery.
In addition to his leadership, Hoover is also known for his humanitarian work during World War I. During this time, he coordinated supplies to Belgian civilians after the German invasion. The Commission for Relief in Belgium was founded under his leadership.
In 1917, Woodrow Wilson appointed him as the head of the Food Administration. Under his leadership, the commission coordinated food for the Allied troops and the civilians trapped in the war zone.
While in office, Hoover also expanded educational opportunities for prisoners. By encouraging Americans to reduce meat consumption, he ensured that the Allied troops would have enough food.
After retiring from the government, Hoover devoted his time to social causes. He helped American Indians obtain health care, and he aided citizens who had been stranded in Europe during World War I.
Aside from his political leadership, Hoover is famous for his efforts to reduce waste and increase the efficiency of businesses. His efforts included reducing industrial losses and increasing the number of prisoners placed on parole.
Despite his achievements, some have called him a failure. However, many scholars have defended his actions. Many of his arguments were presented in eight-volume Addresses upon the American Road. These books are now a part of the Center for Western Studies at Augustana University in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
Harry S. Truman
Although he was the 33rd president of the United States, Harry S. Truman was not a graduate of a university or college. He began his career as a county judge in Missouri in 1922. After a short period, he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1934.
Although Truman never attended a traditional school, he did gain a lot of experience from working on his family farm. In his twenties, he was involved in running a men’s clothing store in Kansas City.
As the United States entered World War I, Truman served in France as a captain in the Field Artillery. Later, he reenlisted in the National Guard.
When Truman was a junior senator, he served on a committee that investigated the national defense program. His committee revealed graft and corruption within the federal government. These findings were passed to unions and other government agencies. During his time in the Senate, Truman helped pass the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, which regulated the aviation industry.
He also helped to establish NATO. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliance of democratic nations. It is primarily responsible for defending Western countries from communism.
Truman was a strong supporter of President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal programs. His Fair Deal agenda included a major social reform project that aimed to lift the nation out of the Great Depression.
He also worked to contain communism. He provided aid to Greece and Turkey, which had been threatened by the Soviet Union.
Franklin Pierce
Franklin Pierce was the 14th president of the United States. He was a nationalist who was regarded as the most adroit politician of his time. However, his popularity declined as a result of his support for the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Despite this, his Cabinet succeeded in improving accountability and reforming departments. He was also instrumental in promoting sectional unity. In addition, he avoided a civil war that would have claimed the lives of more than 600,000 Americans.
Although he was a tenacious political leader, Franklin Pierce had many enemies. Many people accused him of being an unstable figure. Others saw him as the leading culprit in sectional discord that led to the Civil War. During his time in office, he tried to reconcile various factions within the Democratic Party.
After the war, he was not re-nominated by the Democrats. As a result, his reputation in the Northern states deteriorated. His popularity in the South increased.
Franklin Pierce’s Cabinet was full of extremists from both sides of the slavery debate. He was critical of Lincoln’s war measures.
Pierce signed trade treaties with Britain and Japan. He also served as an officer in the Mexican-American war. Despite this, he failed to acquire Cuba from Spain.
Franklin Pierce was also an active member of the temperance movement. He made several public appearances in support of the movement. During his time in office, New Hampshire was free from malaria.
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson was an American politician and politician-turned-president. Born in 1808, Andrew Johnson spent most of his formative years in the northeastern United States. He served in the Tennessee state legislature from 1835 to 1943.
In 1843, Andrew Johnson became a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and later became a senator. When the Civil War broke out, he was chosen as the military governor of Tennessee.
Before the war ended, Andrew Johnson had been elected to the Senate. After the war, he remained a Democrat. But his political convictions took a backseat to his personal philosophy.
A self-proclaimed individualist, Johnson had a knack for utilizing patronage to achieve his political objectives. He was an avid debater and a well-read speaker.
His ideas and policies have been criticized by both sides. During the Civil War, Radical Republicans wanted to grant special privileges and full voting rights to blacks. However, he believed Negroes lacked the capacity to govern themselves as other races did.
The Freedmen’s Bureau was formed during the Civil War. Its functions included education, land, and the right to vote for former slaves.
During his time in Congress, Andrew Johnson served as the constitutional watchdog on federal spending. He also supported the homestead bill. Toward the end of his tenure, he made the controversial move to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.
Although his administration was a failure, Andrew Johnson deserves a place in history. Despite his shortcomings, he did more than most presidents in defending the Constitution in a time of trouble.
William McKinley
One of the most influential figures in the United States during the Progressive Era, William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio in 1843. He was the last president to serve in the Civil War. After serving as governor of Ohio for two terms, McKinley became President of the United States in 1896.
As a Republican, McKinley campaigned on protectionism. His policies included the Dingley Tariff, a protective measure that protected American factories from foreign competition. The tariffs were controversial.
McKinley became an expert on protective tariffs, which was a hot issue in his political career. In 1890, his policies led to a defeat. But he was reelected in 1892 and again in 1896.
When the Spanish-American War broke out in 1898, he sought and received a declaration from Congress to begin the war. Although the war lasted only 100 days, it destroyed the Spanish fleet in Cuba. At the end of the war, the United States gained control of the island.
William McKinley was born into a middle class family in Niles, Ohio. He attended Allegheny College in Poland, Ohio, where he earned an honorary degree.
McKinley was a member of the Union Army, where he fought in the Battle of Antietam. Afterwards, he served in the United States House of Representatives. During his time in the House of Representatives, he served as chairman of the powerful Ways and Means Committee.
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