Software quality is a measure of the degree to which a software product meets the objectives set for it. The measures of software quality include QC (Quality Control), Measurement, and QA (Quality Assurance). Each of these measures is a component of the software development process that enables a software product to meet its objectives.
QA is a set of activities to ensure the quality in software engineering processes that ultimately result in quality software products
Contents
- 1 QA is a set of activities to ensure the quality in software engineering processes that ultimately result in quality software products
- 2 Measurement is about quantifying to what extent a system or software rates along these dimensions
- 3 QC is the degree to which a software product meets the goals of correcting errors
- 4 McCall’s quality model
- 5 Boehm quality model
- 6 Dromey’s quality model
QA (Quality Assurance) is a set of activities that helps to ensure the quality of the software engineering processes that are involved in creating a quality software product. This includes the development process, testing, and analysis.
Quality assurance is essential to the software industry. Studies show that investing in it can give a very large return on investment.
QA is part of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It is an activity that should be performed at every stage of the development process. The main purpose of QA is to prevent problems from occurring and to find defects in the software.
Software testers play a vital role in QA. They analyze the functionality of the program, identify defects, and document them. These professionals also review software documentation and provide feedback on user experience.
During the development phase, QA experts ensure that the product meets customer requirements. This helps to increase client confidence and to improve overall project quality.
The process of quality assurance should be implemented by the entire development team. A good relationship between developers and testers is critical. Proper quality checks involve a number of internal and external stakeholders.
There are numerous guidelines and standards that have been established for QA. One of these is the ISO 9000 standard. It is based on seven quality management principles.
Various certifications are available to ensure that an organization is following the standards in the quality process.
Measurement is about quantifying to what extent a system or software rates along these dimensions
Measurement is a hot topic in the software industry. In fact, a measurement system is a necessary evil if your goal is to develop quality software. To the uninitiated, it may seem like an unwelcome afterthought. However, with careful attention to detail, your measurement system may become your most valuable asset. If you have the right tools, you can create a system that can outperform your competition and keep your customers happy. There are many ways to do this: a well thought out test plan, the right technology, or the best people to help you out. Whether you are an IT or an operations professional, there’s a good chance you’ve seen a measurement system in action at some point in your career. So how do you go about creating one? Thankfully, there are plenty of resources online to assist with this task. The first step is to determine what you want to measure. Next, identify what data you’ll need to collect to produce it. With that, it’s time to start laying the groundwork. By following the tips in this guide, you’ll be on your way to creating a measurement system that can outperform your competition in no time at all. Aside from a robust testing and analysis strategy, you’ll also need to keep an eye on the quality of your staff, the infrastructure required to make it all happen, and a good budget.
QC is the degree to which a software product meets the goals of correcting errors
Quality control (QC) is a set of activities that check whether a developed product meets the goals of correcting errors. The main aim of QC is to ensure that the finished product is of good quality. QC includes both testing and inspection.
To achieve the desired level of quality, the organizational structure and processes should be as efficient as possible. It is important to identify and eliminate waste and inefficiencies.
A quality assurance plan is a detailed documentation that contains a schedule for QC. It also provides details of the tools and techniques used for QC.
The quality review involves reviewing design, test and specification documents. Each participant is assigned a role. They are responsible for identifying possible errors and recording suggestions for improvement.
Inspecting the software is a process that aims to find defects early and to estimate the time required to re-work the product. Inspection can be formal or informal. Most rough errors can be identified by a visual examination of data display.
Technical reviews are less formal quality control reviews that are led by trained moderators. These reviews assess alternatives and establish consistency in the use of technical concepts.
Walk-throughs are another type of review. These are usually conducted for high-level documents. They are useful in cases where you don’t understand the program easily.
Top management involvement is critical to the efficiency of a quality system. Upper-level managers review the work that has been done and make necessary decisions.
McCall’s quality model
The software quality model is a set of attributes and criteria that defines the degree to which a software product meets a defined specification. This can be measured internally, externally or both.
A software quality factor is a characteristic of a software system that is related to ease of use, operational performance, correctness and hardware resources. It is also related to the amount of code, the quality of design, and the quality of conformance to documented standards.
Software quality factors are also referred to as quality attributes. They influence the overall quality of the software, the ease of use of the software, and the ability of the software to meet user expectations.
Quality factors can be broadly divided into two categories: the first consists of the ones you can directly measure and the second consists of the ones you can indirectly measure. Depending on your objectives, you may prefer to measure one category over the other.
Quality factors can be grouped into two groups: the software attributes and the software factors. Attributes are measurable qualities of the software while factors are observable and/or intangible characteristics of the software.
Some of the qualities that can be measured are the smallest, the most obvious and the most important. One of the most important qualities is correctness, which is a measure of the functionality of the software that corresponds to its specifications. Another is usability, which is a measure of how easy it is to operate the software.
Boehm quality model
The Boehm quality model is a hierarchical quality model for software. It defines the quality of a software product in terms of predefined attributes.
This model extends the McCall model and is designed to address the maintainability aspect of software products. However, the model has some drawbacks, especially in terms of measurement.
A number of factors need to be evaluated in order to determine the quality of a software product. This includes internal and external factors. Some of the factors that can be measured directly include the amount of time required to execute a function, its efficiency, the size of the program, and the performance.
Another factor that can be measured indirectly is the testability of a software program. This includes the accuracy and completeness of its functionality. Other factors that can be measured indirectly include the ease of use and the reliability of the system.
External factors that can be measured include the integrity of the software product, its portability, and its reusability. These attributes are evaluated during the development and testing stages of the software.
Internal characteristics are also categorized into self-descriptiveness, legibility, structuredness, and communicativeness. Using a hierarchy, the Boehm model breaks down its attributes into three levels: user-centric, human-centric, and technical-centric.
One of the most important aspects of the Boehm quality model is its focus on maintainability. Maintainability is a factor that is closely related to the ease of retesting and modifying a software product.
Dromey’s quality model
Quality models are the cornerstone of a product quality evaluation system. These models are used to identify and evaluate the attributes of software products. In addition, they help to determine the level of quality a software product has achieved.
A software quality model can be divided into multiple sub-features, each of which has its own specific purpose. Each of the sub-features is based on different quality characteristics. The most important quality characteristic is general utility. Other sub-characteristics include maintainability, reusability and portability.
Geoff Dromey recently proposed a new quality framework to create product-based quality models. This quality framework is designed to ensure lower-level details are well-specified and computable.
Dromey’s quality framework is organized into three models. They are the requirement quality model, design quality model, and implementation quality model.
According to Dromey’s model, overall qualities of software include flexibility, accuracy, and maintainability. The quality model also provides a measurement for the relative importance of these features. For example, flexibility identifies the quality factors that influence the ability of a software product to be able to change or adapt to different environments. It also explains how these qualities can affect the ability of a software product to meet a particular task.
The ISO/IEC 9126 quality model is a standard that was initially published in 1991. Since then, it has been extended. Originally, the model focused on internal and external quality. However, in 2004, it was expanded to include the functionality of the software.
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